GMFM-66-IS (ITEM SET) 1 SCORE SHEETS FOR. Item sets to improve efficiency of administration of the 66 item Gross Motor Function Measure in children with cerebral. The GMFM-88 item scores can be summed to calculate raw and percent scores for each of the five GMFM dimensions of interest, selected goal areas and a total GMFM-88 score.For the GMFM-66 a free computer program, the Gross Motor Ability Estimator (GMAE), is required to calculate total scores. となっております。gmfm66は評価時間の短縮するため88項目から抜粋された項目となります。なお88は順序尺度、66は間隔尺度となっています。 項目は0〜3の点数で評価し、それぞれの領域と各領域を総合したパーセント値を出します。.
GMFM-66 & GMFM-88 User’s Manual, 2nd Edition – Chapter 1: Overview of the GMFM & Chapter 2: Conceptual Background (free ebook)
This chapter is part of Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-66 & GMFM-88) User’s Manual, 2nd edition
The GMFM-66 is comprised of a subset of the 88 items identified (through Rasch analysis) as contributing to the measure of gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy. The GMFM-66 will be. Scoring the GMFM-66 requires the use of a computer program called the Gross Motor Ability Estimator (GMAE). Individual item scores are entered and a mathematical algorithm calculates an interval level total score. The total score is an estimate of the child’s gross motor function.
Edition: 2nd
Page count: 26
Free!
Chapter 1 – Overview of the GMFM & Chapter 2 – Conceptual Background from Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-66 and GMFM-88) User’s Manual, 2nd Edition
About the Complete Book
The Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) has become the best evaluative measure of motor function designed for quantifying change in the gross motor abilities of children with cerebral palsy.
The measure is very widely used internationally and is now the standard outcome assessment tool.
This second edition builds on the wide success of the first edition; new details of the measure are presented, its short forms and how to use the updated software. It also includes two abbreviated methods of estimating GMFM-66 scores using the GMFM-66-Item sets and the GMFM-66-Basal & Ceiling.
Readership
Physical therapists and other health professionals working with children, youth and adults with cerebral palsy; clinical and health services researchers; any clinician who is assessing and describing current gross motor function and evaluating its change over time.
Gross Motor Function Classification System – Expanded
Video shared with permission from CanChild. For further information, please visit their website.
Why not?
- Visit our free ebook library to download more free titles.
- Join our newsletter to keep up to date with new releases.
- Find us on Twitter.
Clinics in Developmental Medicine
Dianne J Russell is Research and Knowledge Exchange Specialist with CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research. She has been a health services researcher for over 20 years and a key individual in the development, evaluation and dissemination of clinical outcome measures such as the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM). Her current focus is on facilitating the use of research evidence in practice by engaging with research users throughout the research process and by making research results easily accessible in multiple formats to families, service providers, and policy decision-makers.
Peter L Rosenbaum is a Developmental Paediatrician, health services researcher, teacher, writer and editor. His career has been devoted to childhood disability, and all his roles have involved work with, or about, children with impairments and their families. He has held over 75 research grants and has contributed to almost 300 peer-reviewed papers, book chapters, editorials and invited commentaries in his field.
Marilyn Wright is a physiotherapist at McMaster Children's Hospital. She is Assistant Clinical Professor at McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Lisa M. Avery is an independent statistician and founder of Avery Information Services. She provides statistical consulting and analysis services to various academic institutions and is primarily involved in paediatric disability research. Her primary interests are outcome measurement and causation modelling.
- Complete Book Contents
- AUTHORS' APPOINTMENTS vii
- PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION viii
- PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION x
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TO THE FIRST EDITION xi
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TO THE SECOND EDITION xiii
- DISCLAIMER xiv
- 1. OVERVIEW OF THE GROSS MOTOR FUNCTION MEASURE (GMFM) 1
- 2. CONCEPTUAL BACKGROUND 4
- 3. DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF THE GMFM-88 12
- with Niina Kolehmainen
- 4. DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF THE GMFM-66 25
- with Niina Kolehmainen
- 5. GMFM-66: TWO SHORT FORMS OF ADMINISTRATION 46
- 6. ADMINISTRATION AND SCORING GUIDELINES
- FOR THE GMFM-88 AND GMFM-66 61
- with Mary Lane
- 7. INTERPRETATION AND USES OF THE GMFM-88 AND GMFM-66 137
- 8. APPLICATIONS OF THE GMFM: WHAT HAVE WE
- LEARNED AND WHERE CAN WE GO NEXT? 183
- REFERENCES 190
- GLOSSARY OF TERMS 196
- APPENDIX 1. METHODS OF DISPLAYING ITEM DIFFICULTY 201
- APPENDIX 2. DISPLAY OF ITEM DIFFICULTIES USING
- THURSTONE THRESHOLDS 207
- APPENDIX 3. GROSS MOTOR ABILITY ESTIMATOR-2 (GMAE-2)
- SCORING PROGRAM TUTORIAL FOR THE GMFM-66 210
- APPENDIX 4. CASE SCENARIOS OF TWO CHILDREN WHO MISFIT
- THE GMFM-66 ITEM DIFFICULTY MODEL 231
- APPENDIX 5. GMFM-66 ITEM SET SCORE SHEET 237
- APPENDIX 6. GMFM-66 BASAL & CEILING SCORE SHEET 244
- APPENDIX 7. GROSS MOTOR FUNCTION CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM-EXPANDED & REVISED (GMFCS-E&R) 247
- APPENDIX 8. GMFM-88 AND GMFM-66 SCORE SHEET 251
- APPENDIX 9. GMFM-66 AND GMFM-88 CROSS-SECTIONAL
- AND CHANGE SCORES 257
- APPENDIX 10. STANDARD ERROR OF MEASUREMENT 262
- APPENDIX 11. CASE SCENARIO OF TREVOR 263
- APPENDIX 12. ADDITIONAL EXAMPLES OF THE USE OF THE MOTOR
- MEASURES WITH CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY
- IN PHYSICAL THERAPY PRACTICE 270
- Doreen J Bartlett and Laura K Brunton
- APPENDIX 13. ONTARIO MOTOR GROWTH CURVES 280
- INDEX 287
Gross Motor Function Classification System - Expanded & Revised
Video shared with permission from CanChild. For further information, please visit their website.
'The second edition of the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-66 & GMFM-88): User’s Manual is a wonderful resource for physical therapists and other health professional who work with children with cerebral palsy as well as for clinicians who are interested in assessing current gross motor function and monitoring change over time in both clinical and research settings.' Jennifer L McKinney, Journal of Child Neurology, 2014
'Physical therapists and researchers who use the GMFM will find the User’s Manual a valuable resource to administer and interpret the GMFM appropriately in clinical practice and research. The new case illustrations are particularly useful in selecting the most appropriate approach.' Barbara Sargent, Pediatric Physical Therapy, 2014
'... the second edition of the GMFM manual is welcome and should be read and regularly used by physical and occupational therapists, and other clinicians working with children, adolescents, and adults with CP.' Ulla Michaelis, Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 2015
Related Products
{{url:https://canchild.ca/en/resources/320-gmfm-administration; title:Administration}}
{{url:https://canchild.ca/en/resources/321-gmfm-scoring; title:GMFM Scoring}}
{{url:https://canchild.ca/en/resources/322-gmfm-other; title:GMFM Other}}
The Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) is an assessment tool designed and evaluated to measure changes in gross motor function over time or with intervention in children with cerebral palsy. It was first developed in the late 1980s for use in both clinical and research settings and has evolved through advanced analytic techniques and in response to requests for more efficient testing. The GMFM user's manual is available for purchase at the Mac Keith Press website.
The GMFM-88 and GMFM-66
There are two versions of the GMFM. The GMFM-88 is the original 88-item measure. Items span the spectrum of gross motor activities in five dimensions.
A: Lying and Rolling,
B: Sitting,
C: Crawling and Kneeling,
D: Standing, and
E: Walking, Running and Jumping.
Gmfm 66 Norms
The GMFM-66 is a 66 item subset of the original 88 items identified through Rasch analysis to best describe the gross motor function of children with cerebral palsy of varying abilities. It has a unidimensional scale providing interval scaling rather than the ordinal scaling of the GMFM-88. Items are ordered in terms of difficulty and a unit of change has the same meaning throughout the scale ranging from 0 to 100. The GMFM-66 provides information on the level of difficulty of each item thereby providing information to assist with realistic goal setting.
Abbreviated Versions of the GMFM-66
Two abbreviated versions of the GMFM-66 have been developed to facilitate the best choice of test items.
The Item Set version uses an algorithm with three decision items to determine which one of the four items sets is most appropriate for a child’s level of functioning.
The Basal & Ceiling version uses guidelines based on Gross Motor Function Classification System levels and age to determine suggested points at which to begin testing. A basal level is established when three consecutive items based on difficulty order are scored as 3. Testing continues in order of difficulty until three consecutive items are scored as 0, establishing the ceiling. A minimum of 15 items must be scored.
Both versions are reliable and valid, however, the item set version is preferable for children with unilateral cerebral palsy.
Choosing between the GMFM-88 and GMFM-66
The choice of which GMFM version to use depends on the purpose of the assessment. The GMFM-88 provides more descriptive information about motor function for very young children or children with more complex motor disability such as those functioning in GMFCS level V as it has more items that describe early motor skills.
The GMFM-88 should be used if the evaluation of children using ambulatory aids and/or orthoses or shoes is of interest as the GMFM-66 scores are based on barefoot testing. The GMFM-88 also allows testing of one or more specific dimensions.
The GMFM-66 takes less time to administer compared to the GMFM-88 and it does not require all items to be assessed to get an accurate estimate of a child’s score. To document within-child change over time or to compare patterns of change among children, the GMFM-66 provides a more meaningful assessment of change because the items are ordered by level of difficulty. Furthermore, change over and above measurement error is easily determined by examining the extent of overlap of the 95% confidence intervals produced by the GMAE.
Use of the GMFM in other populations
The validation sample for the original GMFM included children 5 months to 16 years of age. The items are appropriate for those with motor skills at or below those of a 5-year-old child without any motor disability. Currently, there are no published references of use of the GMFM in adult populations however research is currently underway.
The GMFM-88 samples motor skills that are typical of normal developmental milestones and therefore may be useful for other diagnostic populations. Reliability and validity should be established prior to using it in other groups. There is some evidence for its use in children with Down syndrome, traumatic brain injury, spinal muscular atrophy, osteogenesis imperfecta, hereditary spastic paresis, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Testing Children with Down syndrome
Gmfm 66 Score Sheet Calculator
The GMFM-88 is valid for use in children with Down syndrome. Specific guidelines are available in the GMFM manual. For example, some items can be scored automatically.